Marketing and Promotion

Digital Marketing

Alvy LM, Calvert SL. Food marketing on popular children's web sites: A content analysis. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(4):710-713.

Bailey R, Wise K, Bolls P. How avatar customizability affects children's arousal and subjective presence during junk food-sponsored online video games. Cyberpsychol Behav. 2009;12(3):277-283.

Brady J, Farrell A, Wong S, Mendelson R. Beyond television: Children's engagement with online food and beverage marketing. Clinical Medicine: Pediatrics. 2008;2:1-9.

Brady J, Mendelson R, Farrell A, Wong S. Online marketing of food and beverages to children: A content analysis. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2010;71(4):166-171.

Buller MK, Kane IL, Dunn AL, Edwards EJ, Buller DB, Liu X. Marketing fruit and vegetable intake with interactive games on the internet. Social Marketing Quarterly. 2009;15:136-154.

Chester J, Cheyne A, Dorfman L. Peeking behind the curtain: Food and marketing industry research supporting digital media marketing to children and adolescents. Center for Digital Democracy and Berkeley Media Studies Group; 2011.

Chester J, Montgomery K. Interactive food & beverage marketing: Targeting children and youth in the digital age. an update. Berkeley, CA: Berkeley Media Studies Group; 2008. Available from: http://digitalads.org/. Accessed November 2010.

Chester J, Montgomery K. Interactive food & beverage marketing: Targeting children and youth in the digital age. Berkeley Media Studies Group; 2007. Available from: http://www.digitalads.org/. Accessed September 14, 2011.

Corbett C, Walker C. Catchy cartoons, wayward websites and mobile marketing - food marketing to children in a global world. Education Review. 2009;21(2):84-92.

Cowburn G, Boxer A. Magazines for children and young people and the links to internet food marketing: A review of the extent and type of food advertising. Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(10):1024-1031.

Culp J, Bell RA, Cassady D. Characteristics of food industry web sites and "advergames" targeting children. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2010;42(3):197-201.

Dahl S, Eagle L, Báez C. Analyzing advergames: Active diversions or actually deception. an exploratory study of online advergames content. Young Consumers: Insight and Ideas for Responsible Marketers. 2009;10(1):46-59.

Henry AE, Story M. Food and beverage brands that market to children and adolescents on the internet: A content analysis of branded web sites. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2009;41(5):353-359.

Jain A. Temptations in cyberspace: New battlefields in childhood obesity. Health Aff. 2010;29(3):425-429.

Jones SC, Reid A. Marketing to children and teens on Australian food company web sites. Young Consumers. 2010;11(1):57-66.

Jones SC, Wiese E, Fabrianesi B. Following the links: Food advertising and promotion on children's magazine websites. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing. 2008;20(2):165-190.

Kelly B, Bochynska K, Kornman K, Chapman K. Internet food marketing on popular children's websites and food product websites in Australia. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(11):1180-1187.

Kim YH, Yuan J, Goh BK, Antun JM. Web marketing in food tourism: A content analysis of web sites in west Texas. Journal of Culinary Science & Technology. 2009;7(1):52-64.

Kunkel D, McKinley C, Wright P. The impact of industry self-regulation on the nutritional quality of foods advertised on television to children. Oakland, CA: Children Now; 2009. Available from: http://www.childrennow.org/. Accessed March 3, 2011.

Lee M, Choi Y, Quilliam ET, Cole RT. Playing with food: Content analysis of food advergames. J Consumer Aff. 2009;43(1):129-154.

Lingas EO, Dorfman L, Bukofzer E. Nutrition content of food and beverage products on web sites popular with children. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(Suppl 3):S587-92.

Melillo W. Advocates target interactive kid ads. Adweek. 2006;47(6).

Molnar A, Koski WS, Boninger F. Policy and statutory response to advertising and marketing in schools. Tempe, Arizona and Boulder, Colorado: Education and Public Interest Center & Commercialism in Education Research Unit; 2010.

Montgomery K, Grier S, Chester J, Dorfman L. The new age of food marketing: How companies are targeting and luring our kids - and what advocates can do about it. Center for Digital Democracy, Public Health Law & Policy, and Berkeley Media Studies Group; 2011.

Montgomery K, Chester J. Digital food marketing to children and adolescents. National Policy & Legal Analysis Network; 2011. Available from: http://www.phlpnet.org/ . Accessed November 2011.

Montgomery K, Grier S, Chester J, Dorman L. Food marketing in the digital age: A conceptual framework and agenda for research. Center for Digital Democracy; 2011. Available from: http://www.centerfordigitaldemocracy.org/. Accessed July 2011.

Montgomery KC, Chester J. Interactive food and beverage marketing: Targeting adolescents in the digital age. J Adolesc Health. 2009;45(3 Suppl):S18-29.

Moore ES, Rideout VJ. The online marketing of food to children: Is it just fun and games? Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 2007;26(2):202-220.

Ostry A, Young ML, Hughes M. The quality of nutritional information available on popular websites: A content analysis. Health Educ Res. 2008;23(4):648-655.

Royne MB, Levy M. Marketing for public health: We need an app for that. J Consumer Aff. 2011;45(1):1-6.

Shapiro JR, Bauer S, Hamer RM, Kordy H, Ward D, Bulik CM. Use of text messaging for monitoring sugar-sweetened beverages, physical activity, and screen time in children: A pilot study. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2008;40(6):385-391.

Thomson DM. The mixed health messages of millsberry: A critical study of online child-targeted food advergaming. Health Commun. 2011:1-9.

Thomson DM. Marshmallow power and frooty treasures: Disciplining the child consumer through online cereal advergaming. Critical Studies in Media Communication. 2010;27(5):438-454.

Weber K, Story M, Harnack L. Internet food marketing strategies aimed at children and adolescents: A content analysis of food and beverage brand web sites. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106(9):1463-1466.

Yoo CY. Unconscious processing of web advertising: Effects on implicit memory, attitude toward the brand, and consideration set. Journal of Interactive Marketing. 2008;22(2):2-18.

Front-of-Package Labeling

Andrews JC, Burton S, Kees J. Is simpler always better? consumer evaluations of front-of-package nutrition symbols. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. In press, 2011.

Aschemann-Witzel J, Hamm U. Do consumers prefer foods with nutrition and health claims? Results of a purchase simulation. Journal of Marketing Communications. 2010;16(1):47-58.

Barreiro-Hurlé J, Gracia A, de-Magistris T. Does nutrition information on food products lead to healthier food choices? Food Policy. 2010;35(3):221-229.

Blackburn GL, Wollner SB. Empowering consumers to make healthy choices: Are front-of-package labels enough? Obesity and Weight Management. 2010;6(2):55-56.

Borgmeier I, Westenhoefer J. Impact of different food label formats on healthiness evaluation and food choice of consumers: A randomized-controlled study. BMC Public Health. 2009;9:184.

Cinar AB, Murtomaa H. A holistic food labelling strategy for preventing obesity and dental caries. Obesity Reviews. 2009;10(3):357-361.

Colby SE, Johnson L, Scheett A, Hoverson B. Nutrition marketing on food labels. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2010;42(2):92-98.

Dotsch-Klerk M, Jansen L. The choices programme: A simple, front-of-pack stamp making healthy choices easy. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008;17(Suppl 1):383-386.

Feunekes GI, Gortemaker IA, Willems AA, Lion R, van den Kommer M. Front-of-pack nutrition labelling: Testing effectiveness of different nutrition labelling formats front-of-pack in four european countries. Appetite. 2008;50(1):57-70.

Grigsby-Toussaint DS, Moise IK, Geiger SD. Observations of marketing on food packaging targeted to youth in retail food stores. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2011.

Hawkes C. Food packaging: The medium is the message. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(2):297-299.

Kelly B, Hughes C, Chapman K, et al. Consumer testing of the acceptability and effectiveness of front-of-pack food labelling systems for the Australian grocery market. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(2):120-129.

Lobstein T, Davies S. Defining and labelling 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' food. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(3):331-340.

Lupton JR, Balentine DA, Black RM, et al. The smart choices front-of-package nutrition labeling program: Rationale and development of the nutrition criteria. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010.

Lytton TD. Banning front-of-package food labels: First amendment constraints on public health policy. Public Health Nutr. 2010:1-4.

Lytton TD. Signs of change or clash of symbols? FDA regulation of nutrient profile labeling. Health Matrix Clevel. 2010;20(1):93-144.

Maggi A. Regulatory update: Front-of-package icons and shelf labeling programs. Obesity and Weight Management. 2010;6(2):77-79.

McCullum C, Achterberg CL. Food shopping and label use behavior among high school-aged adolescents. Adolescence. 1997;32(125):181-197.

Meisterernst A. A learning process? -- three years of regulation (EC) no. 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. European Food & Feed Law Review. 2010;5(2):59-72.

Nestle M, Ludwig DS. Front-of-package food labels: Public health or propaganda? JAMA. 2010;303(8):771-772.

Nijman CA, Zijp IM, Sierksma A, et al. A method to improve the nutritional quality of foods and beverages based on dietary recommendations. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2007;61(4):461-471.

Ogba I, Johnson R. How packaging affects the product preferences of children and the buyer behaviour of their parents in the food industry. Young Consumers. 2010;11(1):77-89.

Pomeranz JL. Front-of-package food and beverage labeling: New directions for research and regulation. Am J Prev Med. 2011;40(3):382-385.

Sacks G, Rayner M, Swinburn B. Impact of front-of-pack 'traffic-light' nutrition labelling on consumer food purchases in the UK. Health Promot Int. 2009;24(4):344-352.

Signal L, Lanumata T, Robinson JA, Tavila A, Wilton J, Ni Mhurchu C. Perceptions of New Zealand nutrition labels by Maori, pacific and low-income shoppers. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(7):706-713.

Switt J. Labeling around the globe: Helping to direct food flow. J Am Diet Assoc. 2007;107(2):199-200.

van Kleef E, van Trijp H, Paeps F, Fernandez-Celemin L. Consumer preferences for front-of-pack calories labelling. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(2):203-213.

General Advertising and Marketing

How food ads might affect children's taste preferences. Child Health Alert. 2007;25:2-3.

Marketing food to children. Lancet. 2005;366(9503):2064.

Adamson J, Zywicki TJ. Food advertising to children. Regulation. Cato Institute; 2007;30(1):3-3.

Ambler T. Does the UK promotion of food and drink to children contribute to their obesity? Int J Advert. 2006;25(2):137-156.

Bleich SN, Herring BJ, Flagg DD, Gary-Webb TL. Reduction in purchases of sugar-sweetened beverages among low-income, black adolescents after exposure to caloric information. Am J Pub Health. 2011. [Epub ahead of print]

Bojnec Š. Food retailing and consumer food prices in Slovenia. J Food Prod Market. 2009;15(3):351-363.

Boush DM, Friestad M, Rose GM. Adolescent skepticism toward TV advertising and knowledge of advertiser tactics. Journal of Consumer Research. 1994;21(1):165-175.

Bridges E, Briesch RA. The 'nag factor' and children's product categories. Int J Advert. 2006;25(2):157-187.

Brownell KD, Schwartz MB, Puhl RM, Henderson KE, Harris JL. The need for bold action to prevent adolescent obesity. J Adolesc Health. 2009;45(3 Suppl 1):S8-17.

Buijzen M. The effectiveness of parental communication in modifying the relation between food advertising and children's consumption behaviour. British Journal of Developmental Psychology. 2009;27(1):105-121.

Calvert SL. Children as consumers: Advertising and marketing. Future Child. 2008;18(1):205-234.

Chapman K, Kelly B, King L. Using a research framework to identify knowledge gaps in research on food marketing to children in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2009;33(3):253-257.

Chernin A. The effects of food marketing on children's preferences: Testing the moderating roles of age and gender. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2008;615(1):101.

Cheong Y, Kim K. The interplay between advertising claims and product categories in food advertising: A schema congruity perspective. Journal of Applied Communication Research. 2011;39(1):55-74.

Cheyne A, Dorfman L, Gonzalez P, Mejia P. Food and beverage marketing to children and adolescents: An environment at odds with good health? A research synthesis. Princeton, NJ: Healthy Eating Research, a National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; April 2011.

Chrysochou P. Food health branding: The role of marketing mix elements and public discourse in conveying a healthy brand image. Journal of Marketing Communications. 2010;16(1-2):69-85.

Colapinto CK, Malaviarachchi D. Paint your plate: Effectiveness of a point-of-purchase display. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2009;70(2):66-71.

Cornwell TB, McAlister AR. Alternative thinking about starting points of obesity. development of child taste preferences. Appetite. 2011;56(2):428-439.

Cotterill RW. Antitrust economic analysis in food marketing channels: A global perspective. Agricultural Economics. 2010;41:83-91.

Dorey E, McCool J. The role of the media in influencing children's nutritional perceptions. Qual Health Res. 2009;19(5):645-654.

Edmond S. Advertising to children: A changing media landscape. Young Consumers. 2006;7(4):6-12.

Elliott C. Assessing 'fun foods': Nutritional content and analysis of supermarket foods targeted at children. Obes Rev. 2008;9(4):368-377.

Feldwick P. Food advertising and the nation's diet: What are the real issues? Business Strategy Review. 1995;6(1):61.

Ferguson CJ, Munoz ME, Medrano MR. Advertising influences on young children's food choices and parental influence. J Pediatr. 2011.

Finkelstein SR, Fisbach A. When healthy food makes you hungry. Journal of Consumer Research. 2010;37(3):357-367.

Foley M, Beckley J, Ashman H, Moskowitz HR. The mind-set of teens towards food communications revealed by conjoint measurement and multi-food databases. Appetite. 2009;52(3):554-560.

Forman J, Halford JC, Summe H, MacDougall M, Keller KL. Food branding influences ad libitum intake differently in children depending on weight status. results of a pilot study. Appetite. 2009;53(1):76-83.

Frank GC. Weighing in on food quality at the grocery shelf level. Obesity and Weight Management. 2010;6(2):69-76.

Garson A,Jr, Engelhard CL. Attacking obesity: Lessons from smoking. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49(16):1673-1675.

Goldberg ME, Gunasti K. Creating an environment in which youths are encouraged to eat a healthier diet. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 2007;26(2):162-181.

Gomes FS. Marketing of unhealthy food to young children. Brazilian david and multinational goliath. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(7):1024.

Gram M, de lV, Le Roux A, Boireau N, Rampnoux O. Communication on food, health and nutrition: A cross-cultural analysis of the Danonino brand and nutri-tainment. Journal of Marketing Communications. 2010;16(1):87-103.

Haigh C. Food and drink manufacturers with aggressively marketed toys that attract young children. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(6):882-883.

Harris JL, Pomeranz JL, Lobstein T, Brownell KD. A crisis in the marketplace: How food marketing contributes to childhood obesity and what can be done. Annu Rev Public Health. 2009;30:211-225.

Harris JL, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD, et al. Fast food F.A.C.T.S.: Evaluating fast food nutrition and marketing to youth. Connecticut: Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity; November 2010. Available from: http://www.fastfoodmarketing.org/. Accessed February 24, 2011.

Harris JL, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Marketing foods to children and adolescents: Licensed characters and other promotions on packaged foods in the supermarket. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(3):409-417.

Hastings G, McDermott L, Angus K, Stead M, Thomson S. The extent, nature and effects of food promotion to children: A review of the evidence. World Health Organization; 2006. Available from: http://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/. Accessed September 14, 2011.

Hastings G, Stead M, McDermott L. From the billboard to the school canteen: How food promotion influences children. Education Review. 2004;17(2):17-23.

Hawkes C. Sales promotions and food consumption. Nutr Rev. 2009;67(6):333-342.

Hebden L, King L, Kelly B, Chapman K, Innes-Hughes C. Industry self-regulation of food marketing to children: Reading the fine print. Health Promot J Austr. 2010;21(3):229-235.

Hillier A, Cole BL, Smith TE, et al. Clustering of unhealthy outdoor advertisements around child-serving institutions: A comparison of three cities. Health Place. 2009;15(4):935-945.

Hoek J, King B. Food advertising and self-regulation: A view from the trenches. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008;32(3):261-265.

Hyunjae (Jay) Yu. Parental communication style's impact on children's attitudes toward obesity and food advertising. J Consumer Aff. 2011;45(1):87-107.

Institute of Medicine (US), Committee on Food Marketing and the Diets of Children and Youth. Food marketing to children and youth threat or opportunity? Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2006.

Jones S, Fabrianesi B. Gross for kids but good for parents: Differing messages in advertisements for the same products. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(6):588-595.

Jung-Sook Lee. Social attributions of obesity and attitudes toward food marketing: Implications on framing strategy. Advances in Consumer Research - North American Conference Proceedings. Association for Consumer Research; 2010;37:847-847.

Just DR, Payne CR. Obesity: Can behavioral economics help? Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2009;38:47-55.

Kalkowski J. Private labels are booming. Packaging Digest. 2009;46(7):25-27.

Kelly B, Chapman K, Hardy LL, King L, Farrell L. Parental awareness and attitudes of food marketing to children: A community attitudes survey of parents in new south wales, australia. J Paediatr Child Health. 2009;45(9):493-497.

Kelly B, Cretikos M, Rogers K, King L. The commercial food landscape: Outdoor food advertising around primary schools in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008;32(6):522-528.

Kim K, Cheong Y, Zheng L. The current practices in food advertising. Int J Advert. 2009;28(3):527-553.

Klaassen A. Peeler, liodice and mower talk regulatory challenges. Advert Age. Crain Communications Inc. (MI); 2011;82(10):3-27.

Koplan JP, Brownell KD. Response of the food and beverage industry to the obesity threat. JAMA. 2010;304(13):1487-1488.

Kraak VI, Story M, Wartella EA, Ginter J. Industry progress to market a healthful diet to american children and adolescents. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(3):322-333.

Kraak VI, Kumanyika SK, Story M. The commercial marketing of healthy lifestyles to address the global child and adolescent obesity pandemic: Prospects, pitfalls and priorities. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(11):2027-2036.

Kunkel D, Ford J. Predicting a renaissance for children and advertising research. Int J Advert. 2005;24(3):401-405.

Larson N, Story M. Food and beverage marketing to children and adolescents: What changes are needed to promote healthy eating habits? A research brief. Princeton, NJ: Healthy Eating Research, a National Program of the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation; October 2008.

Levin AM, Levin IP. Packaging of healthy and unhealthy food products for children and parents: The relative influence of licensed characters and brand names. Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 2010;9(5):393-402.

Levin AM, Levin IP, Cook MP. Measuring and accounting for cross-country response biases in marketing food and drink products. J Int Consumer Market. 2010;22(2):213-222.

Linn S, Novast C. Calories for sale: Food marketing to children in the twenty-first century. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2008;615(1):133-133-155.

Linn SE. Food marketing to children in the context of a marketing maelstrom. J Public Health Policy. 2004;25(3-4):367-378.

Lobstein T. Food and drink marketing to children. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(6):882.

Lobstein T, Davies S. Defining and labelling 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' food. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(3):331-340.

Lobstein T, Dibb S. Evidence of a possible link between obesogenic food advertising and child overweight. Obes Rev. 2005;6(3):203-208.

Lohmann J, Kant AK. Effect of the food guide pyramid on food advertising. J Nutr Educ. 1998;30(1):23.

Lone TA, Pence D, Levi AE, Chan KK, Bianco-Simeral S. Marketing healthy food to the least interested consumers. Journal of Foodservice. 2009;20(2):90-99.

Lonier T. Alchemy in eden: Entrepreneurialism, branding, and food marketing in the United States, 1880-1920. Enterp Soc. 2010;11(4):695-708.

Lvovich S. Advertising and obesity: The research evidence. International Journal of Advertising & Marketing to Children. 2003;4(2):35.

Maibach EW, Van Duyn MA, Bloodgood B. A marketing perspective on disseminating evidence-based approaches to disease prevention and health promotion. Prev Chronic Dis. 2006;3(3):A97.

Marshall D, O'Donohoe S, Kline S. Families, food, and pester power: Beyond the blame game? Journal of Consumer Behaviour. 2007;6(4):164-181.

Martinez-Vazquez M, Rodriguez-Hernandez H. Negative food advertising for Mexican children]. Salud Publica Mex. 2010;52(4):287-288.

Matthews AE. 'Children and obesity: A Pan-European project examining the role of food marketing'. Eur J Public Health. 2008;18(1):7-11.

Mazur A, Telega G, Kotowicz A, et al. Impact of food advertising on food purchases by students in primary and secondary schools in south-eastern poland. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(9):978-981.

McDermott L, O'Sullivan T, Stead M, Hastings G. International food advertising, pester power and its effects. Int J Advert. 2006;25(4):513-539.

McGinnis JM. Societal resolve and the health of children. Am J Prev Med. 2011;41(3):355-356.

McGinnis JM. Marketing, leadership, and the health of children. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010;164(9):878-879.

McMahon A, Tapsell L, Williams P, Motion J, Jones SC. Food advertisements containing ‘scientific’ and ‘lay person’ keywords: Responses from a sample of female australian consumers. Nutrition & Dietetics. 2010;67(1):6-12.

Mitchell R. Keeping time with the CONSUMER. National Provisioner. 2011;225(1):30-36.

Molnar A, Garcia DR, Boninger F, Merrill B. Marketing of foods of minimal nutritional value to children in schools. Prev Med. 2008;47(5):504-507.

Moodie R, Swinburn B, Richardson J, Somaini B. Childhood obesity--a sign of commercial success, but a market failure. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2006;1(3):133-138.

Morrison M. Fast feeders serve up fresh buzzwords. Advert Age. 2011;82(10):3-26.

Paek H, Yoon HJ, Hove T. Not all nutrition claims are perceived equal: Anchoring effects and moderating mechanisms in food advertising. Health Commun. 2011;26(2):159-170.

Pettersson A, Fjellsrom C. Responsible marketing to children and their families. Young Consumers. 2006;7(4):13-18.

Preston J, Paterson M. Initiatives in responsible food advertising. Young Consumers. 2005;6(4):38-42.

Ramirez-Ley K, De Lira-Garcia C, Souto-Gallardo Mde L, et al. Food-related advertising geared toward Mexican children. J Public Health (Oxf). 2009;31(3):383-388.

Rayner M, Boaz A, Higginson C. Consumer use of health-related endorsements on food labels in the United Kingdom and australia. J Nutr Educ. 2001;33(1):24-30.

Redmond WH. A political economy of regulatory failure in US packaged food markets. Journal of Macromarketing. 2009;29(2):135-144.

Rideout VJ, Foehr UG, Roberts DF. Generation M2: Media in the lives of 8-to 18-year-olds. Menlo, CA: Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation; 2010. Available from: http://www.kff.org/entmedia/upload/8010.pdf. Accessed December 28, 2010.

Roberts M, Pettigrew S. A thematic content analysis of children's food advertising. Int J Advert. 2007;26(3):357-367.

Robinson TN, Borzekowski DL, Matheson DM, Kraemer HC. Effects of fast food branding on young children's taste preferences. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(8):792-797.

Rozin P, Hormes JM. Psychology and sensory marketing, with a focus on food. 2010:303-321.

Salinsky E. Effects of food marketing to kids: I'm lovin' it? Issue Brief Natl Health Policy Forum. 2006;814:1-16.

Satia JA, Galanko JA, Neuhouser ML. Food nutrition label use is associated with demographic, behavioral, and psychosocial factors and dietary intake among African Americans in North Carolina. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005;105(3):392-402.

Schor JB, Ford M. From tastes great to cool: Children's food marketing and the rise of the symbolic. J Law Med Ethics. 2007;35(1):10-21.

Sharma LL, Teret SP, Brownell KD. The food industry and self-regulation: Standards to promote success and to avoid public health failures. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(2):240-246.

Sharpe KM, Staelin R. Consumption effects of bundling: Consumer perceptions, firm actions, and public policy implications. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 2010;29(2):170-188.

Shaw C. (Non)regulation of marketing of unhealthy food to children in New Zealand. N Z Med J. 2009;122(1288):76-86.

Spungin P. Parent power, not pester power. International Journal of Advertising & Marketing to Children. 2004;5(3):37-40.

Story M, French S. Food advertising and marketing directed at children and adolescents in the US. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2004;1(1):3.

Strasburger VC, Jordan AB, Donnerstein E. Health effects of media on children and adolescents. Pediatrics. 2010;125(4):756.

Strasburger VC, American Academy of Pediatrics. Council on Communications and Media. Policy statement--children, adolescents, substance abuse, and the media. Pediatrics. 2010;126(4):791-799.

Sugarman SD, Sandman N. Fighting childhood obesity through performance-based regulation of the food industry. Duke Law J. 2007;56(6):1403-1490.

Sweeney J. Marketing a more-healthful future: A moderate revolution. Futurist. 2009;43(1):26-29.

Swinburn B. Obesity prevention in children and adolescents. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2009;18(1):209-223.

Swinburn B, Sacks G, Lobstein T, et al. The 'sydney principles' for reducing the commercial promotion of foods and beverages to children. Public Health Nutr. 2008;11(9):881-886.

Udell T, Mehta K. When two sides go to war: Newspaper reporting of 'television food advertising restrictions' as a solution to childhood obesity. Health Risk Soc. 2008;10(6):535-548.

Ülger B. Packages with cartoon trade characters versus advertising: An empirical examination of preschoolers' food preferences. J Food Prod Market. 2009;15(1):104-117.

Vashishtha VM. Advertisement of food products for children: A tale of legality, ethics and indifference. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47(10):857-859.

Walton M, Pearce J, Day P. Examining the interaction between food outlets and outdoor food advertisements with primary school food environments. Health Place. 2009;15(3):811-818.

Wilcox K, Vallen B, Block L, Fitzsimons GJ. Vicarious goal fulfillment: When the mere presence of a healthy option leads to an ironically indulgent decision. Journal of Consumer Research. 2009;36(3):380-393.

Wilking C. Issue brief: Reining in pester power food and beverage marketing. Boston, MA: The Public Health Advocacy Institute; 2011.

Wilking C, Gottlieb M. Major findings from 50-state survey of state consumer protection law to limit junk food marketing to children. Boston, MA: The Public Health Advocacy Institute; 2011.

Williams J. Product proliferation analysis for new food and beverage products targeted to children 1994-2004. University of Texas at Austin Working Paper. 2005.

Yancey AK, Cole BL, Brown R, et al. A cross-sectional prevalence study of ethnically targeted and general audience outdoor obesity-related advertising. Milbank Q. 2009;87(1):155-184.

Yngve A. Food and drink marketing to children: A continuing scandal. Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(10):971-972.

Yohn DL. Match brand identity and guest experience to maximize ad dollars. Nation's Restaurant News. 2009;43(29):28-53.

York EB, Bush M. National cable gets fueled by fast food. Advert Age. 2010;81(26):1-22.

Young B. Does food advertising influence children's food choices? A critical review of some of the recent literature. Int J Advert. 2003;22(4):441-459.

Zbinden KK. F(G)ood advertising practice in Switzerland. European Food & Feed Law Review. 2010;5(6):341-346.

Zimmerman FJ. Using marketing muscle to sell fat: The rise of obesity in the modern economy. Annu Rev Public Health. 2010.

Zwier S. Medicalisation of food advertising. nutrition and health claims in magazine food advertisements 1990–2008. Appetite. 2009;53(1):109-113.

Interventions

Beaudoin CE, Fernandez C, Wall JL, Farley TA. Promoting healthy eating and physical activity short-term effects of a mass media campaign. Am J Prev Med. 2007;32(3):217-223.

Bellows L, Cole K, Gabel JA. Family fun with new foods: A parent component to the food friends social marketing campaign. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2006;38(2):123-124.

Benac N. United States shifts focus to food marketing in battle to reduce childhood obesity. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2010;182(10):E459-E460.

Cinar AB, Murtomaa H. A holistic food labelling strategy for preventing obesity and dental caries. Obes Rev. 2009;10(3):357-361.

de Droog SM, Valkenburg PM, Buijzen M. Using brand characters to promote young children's liking of and purchase requests for fruit. J Health Commun. 2011;16(1):79-89.

DeBar LL, Schneider M, Ford EG, et al. Social marketing-based communications to integrate and support the HEALTHY study intervention. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33(Suppl 4):S52-9.

Evans WD, Blitstein J, Lynch C, et al. Childhood obesity prevention in South Africa: Media, social influences, and social marketing opportunities. Social Marketing Quarterly. 2009;15(1):22-48.

Evans WD, Necheles J, Longjohn M, Christoffel KK. The 5-4-3-2-1 Go! Intervention: Social marketing strategies for nutrition. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2007;39(2 Suppl 1):S55-9.

Galer-Unti R. Guerilla advocacy: Using aggressive marketing techniques for health policy change. Health Promotion Practice. 2009;10(3):325-327.

Gerend MA. Does calorie information promote lower calorie fast food choices among college students? J Adolesc Health. 2009;44(1):84-86.

Gloria CT, Steinhardt MA. Texas nutrition environment assessment of retail food stores (TxNEA-S): Development and evaluation. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(11):1764-1772.

Goren A, Harris JL, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Predicting support for restricting food marketing to youth. Health Aff. 2010;29(3):419-424.

Haby MM, Vos T, Carter R, et al. A new approach to assessing the health benefit from obesity interventions in children and adolescents: The assessing cost-effectiveness in obesity project. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006;30(10):1463-1475.

Hampson SE, Martin J, Jorgensen J, Barker M. A social marketing approach to improving the nutrition of low-income women and children: An initial focus group study. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(9):1563-1568.

Harris JL, Bargh JA. Television viewing and unhealthy diet: Implications for children and media interventions. Health Commun. 2009;24(7):660-673.

Hawkes C, Lobstein T. Regulating the commercial promotion of food to children: A survey of actions worldwide. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2010.

He M, Beynon C, Sangster Bouck M, et al. Impact evaluation of the northern fruit and vegetable pilot programme - a cluster-randomised controlled trial. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(11):2199-2208.

Hoffman JA, Morris V, Cook J. The Boston middle school-corner store initiative: Development, implementation, and initial evaluation of a program designed to improve adolescents' beverage-purchasing behaviors. Psychology in the Schools. 2009;46(8):756-766.

Johnson SL, Bellows L, Beckstrom L, Anderson J. Evaluation of a social marketing campaign targeting preschool children. Am J Health Behav. 2007;31(1):44-55.

Katz DL, Katz CS, Treu JA, et al. Teaching healthful food choices to elementary school students and their parents: The nutrition detectives program. J Sch Health. 2011;81(1):21-28.

Morland KB. An evaluation of a neighborhood-level intervention to a local food environment. Am J Prev Med. 2010;39(6):e31-e38.

Peterson S, Duncan DP, Null DB, Roth SL, Gill L. Positive changes in perceptions and selections of healthful foods by college students after a short-term point-of-selection intervention at a dining hall. Journal of American College Health. 2010;58(5):425-431.

Samuels SE, Craypo L, Boyle M, Crawford PB, Yancey A, Flores G. The California endowment's healthy eating, active communities program: A midpoint review. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(11):2114-2123.

Siega-Riz AM, El Ghormli L, Mobley C, et al. The effects of the HEALTHY study intervention on middle school student dietary intakes. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8(1):7.

Van Duyn MA, McCrae T, Wingrove BK, et al. Adapting evidence-based strategies to increase physical activity among African Americans, Hispanics, Hmong, and native Hawaiians: A social marketing approach. Prev Chronic Dis. 2007;4(4):A102.

Wechsler H, Basch CE, Zybert P, Shea S. Promoting the selection of low-fat milk in elementary school cafeterias in an inner-city Latino community: Evaluation of an intervention. Am J Public Health. 1998;88(3):427-433.

Wechsler H, Wernick SM. A social marketing campaign to promote low-fat milk consumption in an inner-city Latino community. Public Health Rep. 1992;107(2):202-207.

Wilson BJ. Designing media messages about health and nutrition: What strategies are most effective? J Nutr Educ Behav. 2007;39(2 Suppl 1):S13-9.

Young L, Anderson J, Beckstrom L, Bellows L, Johnson SL. Using social marketing principles to guide the development of a nutrition education initiative for preschool-aged children. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2004;36(5):250-257.

Legal Considerations

Adams J, Tyrrell R, White M. Do television food advertisements portray advertised foods in a 'healthy' food context? Br J Nutr. 2011;105(6):810-815.

Bakir A, Vitell S. The ethics of food advertising targeted toward children: Parental viewpoint. J Bus Ethics. 2010;91(2):299-311.

Graff SK. First amendment implications of restricting food and beverage marketing in schools. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science. 2008;615(1):157-177.

Harris JL, Graff SK. Protecting children from harmful food marketing: Options for local government to make a difference. Prev Chronic Dis. 2011;8(5):A92.

Lytton TD. Banning front-of-package food labels: First amendment constraints on public health policy. Public Health Nutr. 2010:1-4.

Maggi A. Regulatory update: Front-of-package icons and shelf labeling programs. Obesity and Weight Management. 2010;6(2):77-79.

Molnar A, Koski WS, Boninger F. Policy and statutory responses to advertising and marketing in schools, A policy brief. Education and the Public Interest Center, University of Colorado at Boulder; 2010.

Otten JJ, Hekler EB, Krukowski RA, et al. Food marketing to children through toys: Response of restaurants to the first U.S. toy ordinance. Am J Prev Med. 2012;42(1).

Pomeranz JL, Teret SP, Sugarman SD, Rutkow L, Brownell KD. Innovative legal approaches to address obesity. Milbank Q. 2009;87(1):185-213.

Pomeranz JL. Television food marketing to children revisited: The federal trade commission has the constitutional and statutory authority to regulate. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics. 2010;38(1):98-116.

Vashishtha VM. Advertisement of food products for children: A tale of legality, ethics and indifference. Indian Pediatr. 2010;47(10):857-859.

Marketing of Food and Beverages In or Near Schools

Cullen KW, Watson KB. The impact of the Texas public school nutrition policy on student food selection and sales in Texas. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(4):706-712.

DeBar LL, Schneider M, Ford EG, et al. Social marketing-based communications to integrate and support the HEALTHY study intervention. Int J Obes (Lond). 2009;33(Suppl 4):S52-9.

Hastings G, Stead M, McDermott L. From the billboard to the school canteen: How food promotion influences children. Education Review. 2004;17(2):17-23.

Hillier A, Cole BL, Smith TE, et al. Clustering of unhealthy outdoor advertisements around child-serving institutions: A comparison of three cities. Health Place. 2009;15(4):935-945.

Katz DL, Katz CS, Treu JA, et al. Teaching healthful food choices to elementary school students and their parents: The nutrition detectives program. J Sch Health. 2011;81(1):21-28.

Kelly B, Cretikos M, Rogers K, King L. The commercial food landscape: Outdoor food advertising around primary schools in Australia. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2008;32(6):522-528.

Levine J. Food industry marketing in elementary schools: Implications for school health professionals. J Sch Health. 1999;69(7):290-291.

Maher A, Wilson N, Signal L. Advertising and availability of 'obesogenic' foods around New Zealand secondary schools: A pilot study. N Z Med J. 2005;118(1218):U1556.

McKenna ML. Policy options to support healthy eating in schools. Can J Public Health. 2010;101 Suppl 2:S14-7.

Molnar A. School commercialism and adolescent health. Adolesc Med Clin. 2005;16(2):447-61.

Molnar A, Garcia DR, Boninger F, Merrill B. Marketing of foods of minimal nutritional value to children in schools. Prev Med. 2008;47(5):504-507.

Patel AI, Bogart LM, Uyeda KE, et al. School site visits for community-based participatory research on healthy eating. Am J Prev Med. 2009;37(6):S300-S306.

Probart C, McDonnell E, Bailey-Davis L, Weirich JE. Existence and predictors of soft drink advertisements in Pennsylvania high schools. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106(12):2052-2056.

Siega-Riz AM, El Ghormli L, Mobley C, et al. The effects of the HEALTHY study intervention on middle school student dietary intakes. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2011;8(1):7.

Walton M, Pearce J, Day P. Examining the interaction between food outlets and outdoor food advertisements with primary school food environments. Health Place. 2009;15(3):811-818.

Other Countries

Adams J, White M. Socio-economic and gender differences in nutritional content of foods advertised in popular UK weekly magazines. Eur J Public Health. 2009;19(2):144-149.

Bojnec Š. Food retailing and consumer food prices in Slovenia. J Food Prod Market. 2009;15(3):351-363.

Brady J, Mendelson R, Farrell A, Wong S. Online marketing of food and beverages to children: A content analysis. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2010;71(4):166-171.

Evans WD, Blitstein J, Lynch C, et al. Childhood obesity prevention in South Africa: Media, social influences, and social marketing opportunities. Social Marketing Quarterly. 2009;15(1):22-48.

Foscht T, Maloles C, Schloffer J, Swoboda B, Swee-Lim Chia. Exploring the impact of customer satisfaction on food retailers' evolution: Managerial lessons from austria. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing. 2009;21(1):67-82.

Goris JM, Petersen S, Stamatakis E, Veerman JL. Television food advertising and the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity: A multicountry comparison. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(7):1003-1012.

Guran T, Turan S, Akcay T, et al. Content analysis of food advertising in Turkish television. J Paediatr Child Health. 2010;46(7-8):427-430.

Hattersley L, Irwin M, King L, Allman-Farinelli M. Determinants and patterns of soft drink consumption in young adults: A qualitative analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(10):1816-1822.

Hawkes C, Lobstein T. Regulating the commercial promotion of food to children: A survey of actions worldwide. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2010.

Hebden L, King L, Kelly B, Chapman K, Innes-Hughes C, Gunatillaka N. Regulating the types of foods and beverages marketed to Australian children: How useful are food industry commitments? Nutrition & Dietetics. 2010;67(4):258-266.

Jones SC, Reid A. Marketing to children and teens on Australian food company web sites. Young Consumers. 2010;11(1):57-66.

Keller SK, Schulz PJ. Distorted food pyramid in kids programmes: A content analysis of television advertising watched in Switzerland. Eur J Public Health. 2010.

Kelly B, Halford JCG, Boyland EJ, et al. Television food advertising to children: A global perspective. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(9):1730-1736.

Levin AM, Levin IP, Cook MP. Measuring and accounting for cross-country response biases in marketing food and drink products. J Int Consumer Market. 2010;22(2):213-222.

Martinez-Vazquez M, Rodriguez-Hernandez H. Negative food advertising for Mexican children]. Salud Publica Mex. 2010;52(4):287-288.

Mattas K, Baourakis G. Competitiveness in international markets. Journal of International Food & Agribusiness Marketing. 2009;21(2):83-83.

Mehta K, Coveney J, Ward P, Magarey A, Spurrier N, Udell T. Australian children's views about food advertising on television. Appetite. 2010;55(1):49-55.

Meisterernst A. A learning process? -- three years of regulation (EC) no. 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. European Food & Feed Law Review. 2010;5(2):59-72.

Parvanta SA, Brown JD, Du S, Zimmer CR, Zhao X, Zhai F. Television use and snacking behaviors among children and adolescents in china. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46(4):339-345.

Prell H, Palmblad E, Lissner L, Berg C. Health discourse in Swedish television food advertising during children's peak viewing times. Appetite. 2011.

Romero-Fernandez MM, Royo-Bordonada MA, Rodriguez-Artalejo F. Compliance with self-regulation of television food and beverage advertising aimed at children in spain. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(7):1013-1021.

Sixsmith R, Furnham A. A content analysis of British food advertisements aimed at children and adults. Health Promot Int. 2010;25(1):24-32.

Tarasuk V. Policy directions to promote healthy dietary patterns in Canada. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism. 2010;35(2):229-233.

Zbinden KK. F(G)ood advertising practice in Switzerland. European Food & Feed Law Review. 2010;5(6):341-346.

Policy

Benac N. United States shifts focus to food marketing in battle to reduce childhood obesity. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal. 2010;182(10):E459-E460.

Buckingham D. Beyond the competent consumer: The role of media literacy in the making of regulatory policy on children and food advertising in the UK. International Journal of Cultural Policy. 2009;15(2):217-230.

Buckingham D. The appliance of science: The role of evidence in the making of regulatory policy on children and food advertising in the UK. International Journal of Cultural Policy. 2009;15(2):201-215.

Caraher M, Landon J, Dalmeny K. Television advertising and children: Lessons from policy development. Public Health Nutr. 2006;9(5):596-605.

Carter OB, Patterson LJ, Donovan RJ, Ewing MT, Roberts CM. Children's understanding of the selling versus persuasive intent of junk food advertising: Implications for regulation. Soc Sci Med. 2011.

Cullen KW, Watson KB. The impact of the Texas public school nutrition policy on student food selection and sales in Texas. Am J Public Health. 2009;99(4):706-712.

Fulwider VB. Future benefits? tax policy, advertising, and the epidemic of obesity in children. J Contemp Health Law Policy. 2003;20(1):217-242.

Garde A. Food advertising and obesity prevention: What role for the European Union? Journal of Consumer Policy. 2008;31(1):25-44.

Geylani PC. Policy reforms and productivity differences in US food manufacturing: The case of meat, dairy, and sugar plants. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica: Section C - Food Economics. 2009;6(1):43-55.

HAMPP A. Kids' TV up despite regulatory challenges. (cover story). Advert Age. 2011;82(10):1-26.

Harris JL, Brownell KD, Bargh JA. The food marketing defense model: Integrating psychological research to protect youth and inform public policy. Soc Issues Policy Rev. 2009;3(1):211-271.

Hawkes C. Regulating and litigating in the public interest: Regulating food marketing to young people worldwide: Trends and policy drivers. Am J Public Health. 2007;97(11):1962-1973.

Hawkes C. Uneven dietary development: Linking the policies and processes of globalization with the nutrition transition, obesity and diet-related chronic diseases. Global Health. 2006;2:4.

Hawkes C. Self-regulation of food advertising: What it can, could and cannot do to discourage unhealthy eating habits among children. Nutr Bull. 2005;30(4):374-382.

Henderson J, Coveney J, Ward P, Taylor A. Governing childhood obesity: Framing regulation of fast food advertising in the Australian print media. Soc Sci Med. 2009;69(9):1402-8.

Kelly B, King L, Bauman A, Smith BJ, Flood V. The effects of different regulation systems on television food advertising to children. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2007;31(4):340-343.

Kent MP, Dubois L, Wanless A. Food marketing on children's television in two different policy environments. Int J Pediatr Obes. 2010.

King L, Hebden L, Grunseit A, Kelly B, Chapman K, Venugopal K. Industry self regulation of television food advertising: Responsible or responsive? Int J Pediatr Obes. 2010.

Kovacic W, Harbour P, Leibowitz J, Rosch J. Marketing food to children and adolescents: A review of industry expenditures, activities, and self-regulation. Washington, DC: Federal Trade Commission; July 2008. Available from: www.ftc.gov/os/. Accessed December 28, 2010.

Livingstone S. Assessing the research base for the policy debate over the effects of food advertising to children. Int J Advert. 2005;24(3):273-296.

Lobstein T. International moves to strengthen food policies. Proc Nutr Soc. 2009;68(2):221-224.

Maggi A. Regulatory update: Front-of-package icons and shelf labeling programs. Obesity and Weight Management. 2010;6(2):77-79.

Majoras DP. Food for thought: The FTC and market influences on consumer health. Food Drug Law J. 2007;62(2):433-439.

McKenna ML. Policy options to support healthy eating in schools. Can J Public Health. 2010;101 Suppl 2:S14-7.

Meisterernst A. A learning process? -- three years of regulation (EC) no. 1924/2006 on nutrition and health claims made on foods. European Food & Feed Law Review. 2010;5(2):59-72.

Mello MM. Federal trade commission regulation of food advertising to children: Possibilities for a reinvigorated role. Journal of Health Politics, Policy & Law. 2010;35(2):227-276.

Morton H, Stanton R, Zuppa JA, Mehta K. Food advertising and broadcasting legislation--a case of system failure? Nutrition & Dietetics. 2005;62(1):26-32.

Nestle M. Food marketing and childhood obesity--a matter of policy. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(24):2527-2529.

Redmond WH. A political economy of regulatory failure in US packaged food markets. Journal of Macromarketing. 2009;29(2):135-144.

Sacks G, Swinburn BA, Lawrence MA. A systematic policy approach to changing the food system and physical activity environments to prevent obesity. Aust New Zealand Health Policy. 2008;5:13.

Samuels SE, Craypo L, Boyle M, Crawford PB, Yancey A, Flores G. The California endowment's healthy eating, active communities program: A midpoint review. Am J Public Health. 2010;100(11):2114-2123.

Schwartz MB, Ross C, Harris JL, et al. Breakfast cereal industry pledges to self-regulate advertising to youth: Will they improve the marketing landscape? J Public Health Policy. 2010;31(1):59-73.

Sharpe KM, Staelin R. Consumption effects of bundling: Consumer perceptions, firm actions, and public policy implications. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 2010;29(2):170-188.

Sugarman SD, Sandman N. Using performance-based regulation to reduce childhood obesity. Aust New Zealand Health Policy. 2008;5:26.

Tarasuk V. Policy directions to promote healthy dietary patterns in Canada. Applied Physiology, Nutrition & Metabolism. 2010;35(2):229-233.

Thornley L, Signal L, Thomson G. Does industry regulation of food advertising protect child rights? Critical Public Health. 2010;20(1):25-33.

Wilde P. Self-regulation and the response to concerns about food and beverage marketing to children in the United States. Nutr Rev. 2009;67(3):155-166.

Willette AL. Where have all the parents gone? Do efforts to regulate food advertising to curb childhood obesity pass constitutional muster? J Leg Med. 2007;28(4):561-577.

Winkles DE. Weighing the value of information: Why the federal government should require nutrition labeling for food served in restaurants. Emory Law Journal. 2009;59(2):549-584.

Wootan MG, Batada A, Balkus O. Report card on food-marketing policies: An analysis of food and entertainment company policies regarding food and beverage marketing to children. Center for Science in the Public Interest; 2010. Available from: http://cspinet.org/.

World Health Organization. Set of recommendations on the marketing of foods and non-alcoholic beverages to children. 2010. Available from: http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/. Accessed December 2010.

Polling to Assess Opinions on Food and Beverage Marketing

Dixon H, Scully M, Wakefield M, Kelly B, Chapman K, Donovan R. Parent's responses to nutrient claims and sports celebrity endorsements on energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods: An experimental study. Public Health Nutr. 2011:1-9.

Goren A, Harris JL, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Predicting support for restricting food marketing to youth. Health Aff. 2010;29(3):419-424.

Mehta K, Coveney J, Ward P, Magarey A, Spurrier N, Udell T. Australian children's views about food advertising on television. Appetite. 2010;55(1):49-55.

Speers S, Harris JL, Goren A, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Public perceptions of food marketing to youth: Results of the Rudd Center public opinion poll, may 2008. Rudd Report. Yale University, New Haven, CT: Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity; 2009.

Ustjanauskas A, Eckman B, Harris JL, Goren A, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD. Focus groups with parents: What do they think about food marketing to their kids? Rudd Report. Yale University, New Haven, CT: Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity; May 2010.

Print Media

Adams J, White M. Socio-economic and gender differences in nutritional content of foods advertised in popular UK weekly magazines. Eur J Public Health. 2009;19(2):144-149.

Cowburn G, Boxer A. Magazines for children and young people and the links to internet food marketing: A review of the extent and type of food advertising. Public Health Nutr. 2007;10(10):1024-1031.

Evans WD, Blitstein J, Lynch C, et al. Childhood obesity prevention in South Africa: Media, social influences, and social marketing opportunities. Social Marketing Quarterly. 2009;15(1):22-48.

Henderson J, Coveney J, Ward P, Taylor A. Governing childhood obesity: Framing regulation of fast food advertising in the Australian print media. Soc Sci Med. 2009;69(9):1402-8.

Jones SC, Kervin L. An experimental study on the effects of exposure to magazine advertising on children's food choices. Public Health Nutr. 2010:1-8.

Jones SC, Mannino N, Green J. 'Like me, want me, buy me, eat me': Relationship-building marketing communications in children's magazines. Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(12):2111-2118.

Jones SC, Reid A. Children's magazines: Reading resources or food marketing tools? Public Health Nutr. 2010;13(3):393-9.

Kelly B, Chapman K. Food references and marketing to children in Australian magazines: A content analysis. Health Promot Int. 2007;22(4):284-291.

King L, Hill AJ. Magazine adverts for healthy and less healthy foods: Effects on recall but not hunger or food choice by pre-adolescent children. Appetite. 2008;51(1):194-197.

Zwier S. Medicalisation of food advertising. nutrition and health claims in magazine food advertisements 1990–2008. Appetite. 2009;53(1):109-113.

Specific Foods and Beverages

Health food IMPOSTORS. Prevention. 2009;61(1):72-76.

Akamatsu R. Content analysis of television commercials for snacks and of snack packaging targeted at children]. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2010;57(6):467-474.

Andreyeva T, Kelly IR, Harris JL. Exposure to food advertising on television: Associations with Children’s fast food and soft drink consumption and obesity. . Working paper, March 2011.

Arredondo E, Castaneda D, Elder JP, Slymen D, Dozier D. Brand name logo recognition of fast food and healthy food among children. J Community Health. 2009;34(1):73-78.

Bachman K. Taco bell cooks up buzz for campaign in cinemas. MediaWeek. 2009;19(26):4-19.

Bergen D, Yeh MC. Effects of energy-content labels and motivational posters on sales of sugar-sweetened beverages: Stimulating sales of diet drinks among adults study. J Am Diet Assoc. 2006;106(11):1866-1869.

Buller MK, Kane IL, Dunn AL, Edwards EJ, Buller DB, Liu X. Marketing fruit and vegetable intake with interactive games on the internet. Social Marketing Quarterly. 2009;15:136-154.

Chapman K, Nicholas P, Banovic D, Supramaniam R. The extent and nature of food promotion directed to children in Australian supermarkets. Health Promot Int. 2006;21(4):331-339.

Elliott C. Marketing fun foods: A profile and analysis of supermarket food messages targeted at children. Canadian Public Policy. 2008;34(2):259-273.

Elliott C. Assessing 'fun foods': Nutritional content and analysis of supermarket foods targeted at children. Obes Rev. 2008;9(4):368-377.

Elliott CD. Healthy food looks serious: How children interpret packaged food products. Canadian Journal of Communication. 2009;34(3):359-380.

Finkelstein SR, Fisbach A. When healthy food makes you hungry. Journal of Consumer Research. 2010;37(3):357-367.

Gomes F. Correction. marketing of processed food to young children. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(9):1589.

Gosliner W, Madsen KA. Marketing foods and beverages: Why licensed commercial characters should not be used to sell healthy products to children. Pediatrics. 2007;119(6):1255-6.

Grier SA, Mensinger J, Huang SH, Kumanyika SK, Stettler N. Fast-food marketing and children's fast-food consumption: Exploring parents' influences in an ethnically diverse sample. Journal of Public Policy & Marketing. 2007;26(2):221-235.

Harris JL, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD, et al. Fast food F.A.C.T.S.: Evaluating fast food nutrition and marketing to youth. Connecticut: Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity; November 2010.

Harris JL, Schwartz MB, Brownell KD, et al. Cereal F.A.C.T.S.: Evaluating the nutrition quality and marketing of children’s cereals. Connecticut: Rudd Center for Food Policy and Obesity; October 2009. Available from: http://www.cerealfacts.org/. Accessed February 24, 2011.

Hattersley L, Irwin M, King L, Allman-Farinelli M. Determinants and patterns of soft drink consumption in young adults: A qualitative analysis. Public Health Nutr. 2009;12(10):1816-1822.

Koordeman R, Anschutz DJ, van Baaren RB, Engels RC. Exposure to soda commercials affects sugar-sweetened soda consumption in young women. an observational experimental study. Appetite. 2010;54(3):619-622.

Kopelman CA, Roberts LM, Adab P. Advertising of food to children: Is brand logo recognition related to their food knowledge, eating behaviours and food preferences? J Public Health. 2007;29(4):358-367.

Kunkel D, McKinley C. Developing ratings for food products: Lessons learned from media rating systems. J Nutr Educ Behav. 2007;39(2 Suppl 1):S25-31.

Nestle M. Soft drink "pouring rights": Marketing empty calories to children. Public Health Rep. 2000;115(4):308-319.

Parvanta SA, Brown JD, Du S, Zimmer CR, Zhao X, Zhai F. Television use and snacking behaviors among children and adolescents in china. J Adolesc Health. 2010;46(4):339-345.

Richards TJ, Padilla L. Promotion and fast food demand. Am J Agric Econ. 2009;91(1):168-183.

Sahud HB, Binns HJ, Meadow WL, Tanz RR. Marketing fast food: Impact of fast food restaurants in children's hospitals. Pediatrics. 2006;118(6):2290-2297.

Schwartz MB, Vartanian LR, Wharton CM, Brownell KD. Examining the nutritional quality of breakfast cereals marketed to children. J Am Diet Assoc. 2008;108(4):702-705.

Schwartz MB, Ross C, Harris JL, et al. Breakfast cereal industry pledges to self-regulate advertising to youth: Will they improve the marketing landscape? J Public Health Policy. 2010;31(1):59-73.

Thomson DM. Marshmallow power and frooty treasures: Disciplining the child consumer through online cereal advergaming. Critical Studies in Media Communication. 2010;27(5):438-454.

Wiehe S, Lynch H, Park K. Sugar high: The marketing of soft drinks to America’s schoolchildren. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158(3):209-211.

Wilcox GB, Kamal S, Gangadharbatla H. Soft drink advertising and consumption in the United States 1984--2007. Int J Advert. 2009;28(2):351-367.

Wootan M, Batada A. O39: Frosted flakes are in, apple jacks are out: Making sense of food companies' commitments to reduce junk-food marketing to children. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2008;40(4 Suppl 1):S38-S39.

Target Marketing

Abbatangelo-Gray J, Byrd-Bredbenner C, Austin SB. Health and nutrient content claims in food advertisements on Hispanic and mainstream prime-time television. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior. 2008;40(6):348-354.

Adams J, White M. Socio-economic and gender differences in nutritional content of foods advertised in popular UK weekly magazines. Eur J Public Health. 2009;19(2):144-149.

Akamatsu R. Content analysis of television commercials for snacks and of snack packaging targeted at children]. Nippon Koshu Eisei Zasshi. 2010;57(6):467-474.

Andreyeva T, Kelly IR. Exposure to food advertising on television, food choices and childhood obesity. 2010. Available from: http://www.iza.org/. Accessed December 2010.

Bakir A, Vitell S. The ethics of food advertising targeted toward children: Parental viewpoint. J Bus Ethics. 2010;91(2):299-311.

Bell RA, Cassady D, Culp J, Alcalay R. Frequency and types of foods advertised on Saturday morning and weekday afternoon English-and Spanish-language American television programs. Journal of Nutrition Education & Behavior. 2009;41(6):406-413.

Brady J, Mendelson R, Farrell A, Wong S. Online marketing of food and beverages to children: A content analysis. Can J Diet Pract Res. 2010;71(4):166-171.

Buller MK, Kane IL, Dunn AL, Edwards EJ, Buller DB, Liu X. Marketing fruit and vegetable intake with interactive games on the internet. Social Marketing Quarterly. 2009;15:136-154.

Carter OB, Patterson LJ, Donovan RJ, Ewing MT, Roberts CM. Children's understanding of the selling versus persuasive intent of junk food advertising: Implications for regulation. Soc Sci Med. 2011.

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